Itraconazole is the active ingredient of Sporanox which is available in a form of capsules as well as intravenous infusion. Itraconazole is a class of drugs known as triazole antifungals. It is used for the treatment of fungal infections. Sporanox [Itraconazole] works by inhibiting the fungi from producing a substance known as ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. Cell membrane is vital for the fungus to survive. Cell membrane restricts the unwanted material to enter the fungus cell and also restricts the constituents of the cell to leak out. Without ergosterol, the cell membrane becomes very weak and damaged and the essential constituents leak out of the cell and kill the fungi cell; hence clears up the infection. Sporanox [Itraconazole] is used to treat different types of fungal infections including those of genitals, mouth and skin. It is also useful for treating systemic fungal infections and prevents them from developing in people those who have underactive immune system.
How to use
A daily Sporanox [Itraconazole] dosage of 200mg to 400mg is recommended. The initial recommended dosage is 200mg daily divided in 2 capsules a day. If further improvement is not occurred or the fungal infection has increased then, 100mg Sporanox [Itraconazole] may be increased by the physician to a maximum of 400mg daily. This dosage is recommended for Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis and Aspergillosis.
In case of life threatening situations; the dosage can be increased to 600mg Sporanox [Itraconazole], which should be divided into 200mg of 3 capsules. The treatment should be continued for a minimum period of 3 months.
For the treatment of Onychomycosis with toenails or without fingernails involvement, the recommended dose is 200mg daily divided into 2 Sporanox [Itraconazole] capsules a day, for 12 consecutive weeks.
For the treatment of Onychomycosis with fingernails only, the recommended dose is 400mg daily divided into two 200mg Sporanox [Itraconazole] capsules a day for a week.
Side Effects
The common side effects indicated using Sporanox [Itraconazole] medication are headache, dizziness, hypokalaemia, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, indigestion, vomiting, abdominal pain, alteration in results of liver function tests, hepatitis, jaundice, skin reactions such as rash and itching, edema, pulmonary edema, pain in muscles and joints, visual disturbances, hyperglycaemia, pins, needles or numb sensations, peripheral neuropathy, heart failure, liver disorder, menstrual disorder, erectile dysfunction and hair loss.
Drug Interaction
Drugs when interacted with Sporanox [Itraconazole] increase the drug plasma concentration. The selected drugs are Antiarrhythmics, Anticonvulsants, Antimycobacterials, Antineoplastics, Antipsychotics, Benzodiazepines, Calcium Channel Blockers, Gastrointestinal Motility Agents, HMG CoA-Reductase Inhibitors, Immunosuppressants, Oral Hypoglycemics and Protease Inhibitors.
Drugs that decrease the plasma concentration of Itraconazole when used concurrently with Sporanox [Itraconazole] are; Anticonvulsants, Antimycobacterials, Gastric Acid Suppressors/Neutralizers and Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.
Drugs that increase the plasma concentration of Itraconazole when used concurrently with Sporanox [Itraconazole] are, Macrolide Antibiotics and Protease Inhibitors.
Uses
Sporanox [Itraconazole] is used for the treatment of fungal skin infections such as ringworm, jock itch, athlete’s foot; treatment of vaginal thrush, oral thrush, fungal nail infections, fungal infection like histoplasmosis. It is also used for treating systemic fungal infections caused by Cryptococcus fungi, Aspergillus fungi and Candida fungi. It also prevents systemic fungal infections in people with AIDS or Neutropenia.
Storage
Sporanox [Itraconazole] should be stored within a temperature between 15°-25°C (59°-77°F), away from direct sunlight, heat and moisture.
Precaution
Sporanox [Itraconazole] should be administered after a full meal.
If the patient shows symptoms of congestive heart failure, the physician should be consulted immediately.
Patients with liver disease, liver disorder or kidney disorder should be cautious taking this medication.
Patients allergic to any ingredients of Sporanox [Itraconazole] should be cautious and consult the physician.
Pregnant women or women planning to be pregnant should take precaution before administering the medication.
Lactating mothers should avoid breast feeding while using Sporanox [Itraconazole] medication.
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